Evolution doesn't 'know' anything, evolution doesn't consciously decide what all the different species need and then evolves them that way. Species evolve through natural laws, no different to the laws of gravity. A leaf doesn't fall towards the ground because a conscious force decides it should move in that particular direction, the same goes for the evolution of species.
Imperceptible changes occur in an animal's genes due to mistakes in their copying. Most of these changes have no effect, most of the ones that do will just cause the animal to die, but a tiny fraction of them will incidentally have a positive effect. That animal will stand a slightly greater chance of surviving than other animals in the species, therefore having a greater chance of passing on those genes to its offspring. After many generations, those new genes overtake the old genes until there are none of the old genes left. Over millions of years (a scale of time that us individual humans have no chance of really understanding) this can create the most complex structures.
I don't know about your specific examples, but I'm sure you can look them up online and you'll find something. I did find this example about the evolution of the eye though:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X1iwLqM2t0
Iin to cringe everytime I hear someone bringing up God
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Evolution doesn't 'know' anything, evolution doesn't consciously decide what all the different species need and then evolves them that way. Species evolve through natural laws, no different to the laws of gravity. A leaf doesn't fall towards the ground because a conscious force decides it should move in that particular direction, the same goes for the evolution of species.
Imperceptible changes occur in an animal's genes due to mistakes in their copying. Most of these changes have no effect, most of the ones that do will just cause the animal to die, but a tiny fraction of them will incidentally have a positive effect. That animal will stand a slightly greater chance of surviving than other animals in the species, therefore having a greater chance of passing on those genes to its offspring. After many generations, those new genes overtake the old genes until there are none of the old genes left. Over millions of years (a scale of time that us individual humans have no chance of really understanding) this can create the most complex structures.
I don't know about your specific examples, but I'm sure you can look them up online and you'll find something. I did find this example about the evolution of the eye though:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2X1iwLqM2t0