*This entry contains Proto-Germanic reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *upélos (“evil”, literally "going over or beyond (acceptable limits)"), from Proto-Indo-European *upo, *up, *eup (“down, up, over”).
Alternative etymology relates *ubilaz to Proto-Indo-European *wep- (“bad”), making it cognate with Old Irish fel ("bad"), Hittite (huwap(p)-/hup(p)-, "to mistreat").
Old English: yfel
Middle English: uvel, ivel, evil
Scots: evil, ewil
English: evil
Old Frisian: evel
East Frisian: ewel
West Frisian: evel
Old Saxon: uvil
Middle Low German: ovel
West Frisian: euvel
Old Dutch: uvil
Middle Dutch: evel, ovel, oevel
Dutch: euvel
Afrikaans: euwel
Old High German: ubil
Middle High German: übel
German: übel
Gothic:
The point is to demonstrate how our early ancestors communicated with one another, no matter which Indo-European language you speak today.
It also shows how words change meaning over time, through successive languages.
Through the generations, people have added additional meanings and contexts to what these words actually mean.
If you look, 'ubilaz' is the antonym or opposite of 'gōdaz'.
Here, I will copy and paste more "shit", so that perhaps people will learn what the word they like to throw around really means:
Appendix:Proto-Germanic/gōdaz
*This entry contains Proto-Germanic reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, suit”).
Old English: gōd
Scots: guid
English: good
Old Frisian: gōd
West Frisian: goed
Old Saxon: gōd
Middle Low German: god
Low German: god
Old Dutch: guot
Dutch: goed, goei
Afrikaans: goeie
Limburgish: good
Old High German: guot
German: gut
Yiddish: גוט (gut)
Old Norse: góðr
Icelandic: góður
Faroese: góður
Norwegian: god
Old Swedish: gōþer
Elfdalian: guoð
Swedish: god
Danish: god
Gothic:
2001 - present .. what do u think about the war?
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Appendix:Proto-Germanic/ubilaz
*This entry contains Proto-Germanic reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *upélos (“evil”, literally "going over or beyond (acceptable limits)"), from Proto-Indo-European *upo, *up, *eup (“down, up, over”).
Alternative etymology relates *ubilaz to Proto-Indo-European *wep- (“bad”), making it cognate with Old Irish fel ("bad"), Hittite (huwap(p)-/hup(p)-, "to mistreat").
Pronunciation
IPA: /ˈu.βi.lɑz/
Adjective
*ubilaz (comparative *wirsizô, superlative *wirsistaz)
bad, evil
Declension
[show ▼]Declension of *ubilaz (a-stem)
Antonyms
*gōdaz
Derived terms
Old English: yfel
Middle English: uvel, ivel, evil
Scots: evil, ewil
English: evil
Old Frisian: evel
East Frisian: ewel
West Frisian: evel
Old Saxon: uvil
Middle Low German: ovel
West Frisian: euvel
Old Dutch: uvil
Middle Dutch: evel, ovel, oevel
Dutch: euvel
Afrikaans: euwel
Old High German: ubil
Middle High German: übel
German: übel
Gothic:
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pixie_dust
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What was the point of you copying and pasting that shit as a reply?
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suckonthis9
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The point is to demonstrate how our early ancestors communicated with one another, no matter which Indo-European language you speak today.
It also shows how words change meaning over time, through successive languages.
Through the generations, people have added additional meanings and contexts to what these words actually mean.
If you look, 'ubilaz' is the antonym or opposite of 'gōdaz'.
Here, I will copy and paste more "shit", so that perhaps people will learn what the word they like to throw around really means:
Appendix:Proto-Germanic/gōdaz
*This entry contains Proto-Germanic reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, be associated, suit”).
Pronunciation
IPA: /ˈɣɔː.ðɑz/
Adjective
*gōdaz (adverb *wela, comparative *batizô, superlative *batistaz)
good
Declension
Declension of *gōdaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *gōdaz *gōdai *gōdō *gōdôz *gōda *gōdō
Accusative *gōdanǭ *gōdanz *gōdǭ *gōdōz *gōda *gōdō
Genitive *gōdas, -is *gōdaizǫ̂ *gōdaizōz *gōdaizǫ̂ *gōdas, -is *gōdaizǫ̂
Dative *gōdammai *gōdaimaz *gōdaizōi *gōdaimaz *gōdammai *gōdaimaz
Instrumental *gōdanō *gōdaimiz *gōdaizō *gōdaimiz *gōdanō *gōdaimiz
Weak declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *gōdô *gōdaniz *gōdǭ *gōdōniz *gōdô *gōdōnō
Accusative *gōdanų *gōdanunz *gōdōnų *gōdōnunz *gōdô *gōdōnō
Genitive *gōdiniz *gōdanǫ̂ *gōdōniz *gōdōnǫ̂ *gōdiniz *gōdanǫ̂
Dative *gōdini *gōdammaz *gōdōni *gōdōmaz *gōdini *gōdammaz
Instrumental *gōdinē *gōdammiz *gōdōnē *gōdōmiz *gōdinē *gōdammiz
Antonyms
*ubilaz
Descendants
Old English: gōd
Scots: guid
English: good
Old Frisian: gōd
West Frisian: goed
Old Saxon: gōd
Middle Low German: god
Low German: god
Old Dutch: guot
Dutch: goed, goei
Afrikaans: goeie
Limburgish: good
Old High German: guot
German: gut
Yiddish: גוט (gut)
Old Norse: góðr
Icelandic: góður
Faroese: góður
Norwegian: god
Old Swedish: gōþer
Elfdalian: guoð
Swedish: god
Danish: god
Gothic: